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Panchakavya is an organic product derived from five products evolving from cow. It includes 3 direct cow products dung , urine , milk and two derived products curd, ghee.

Composition:
20 litres of Panchakavya contains

  5 kg of fresh cow dung
  4 litres of cow urine
  3 litres of cow's milk
  2 litres of cow's curd
  1/2 kg cow's ghee

20 litres of Modified Panchakavya contains

  4 kg gobar gas slurry
  1 kg fresh cow dung
  3 litres of cow urine
  2 litres of cow's milk
  2 litres of cow's curd
  1 kg cow's ghee
  3 litres of sugarcane juice
  12 ripe bananas
  3 litres of tender coconut water and 2 litres of toddy (if available).

In scientific terms, Panchakavya contains

  growth regulatory substances such as IAA, GA and cytokinin
  essential plant nutrients
  naturally occurring, beneficial, effective micro organisms, predominately lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria and certain fungi
  beneficial and proven biofertilizers such as Acetobacter, Asospirillum and Phosphobacterium
  plant protection substances

Preparation of Panchakavya:

  Take 5 kg of fresh cow dung, 4 litres of cow urine, 3 litres of cow's milk, 2 litres of cow's curd and half kg cow's ghee.
  Stir the solution and keep it in a 20-liter container.
  Add honey, jaggery and ripen banana and stir it daily for 21 days.

Storage of Panchakavya::

It is stored in a wide-mouthed earthen pot or concrete tank in open. Sufficient shade should be provided, and the contents should be stirred twice a day, both in the morning and the evening. It can be diluted before use on plants and animals.

Field Application of Panchakavya:

  On the 21st day, mix 1 litre of the Panchakavya solution to 10 litres of water, strain and then apply the solution in the soil.
  The Panchakavya is sprayed on crops to get the best results.
  Seeds can be soaked and seedlings can be dipped in 3 per cent solution of Panchakavya for about 30 minutes before sowing to get good results from the crops.

Benefits:

  Panchakavya acts as a growth-promoter and immunity booster.
  Safeguards plants and soil micro-organisms.
  Increases Crops, vegetable and fruit production.

Various crops such as rice, a variety of vegetables, fruit crops such as mango, banana, guava, acid lime cash crops such as sugarcane, turmeric, jasmine and moringa and plantation crops have responded extremely well to application of Panchakavya.

Plants produce larger leaves, and develops denser canopy. The stem produces lateral shoots and much more sturdy branches to bear heavy yields.

The rooting is profuse and dense, and penetrating to deep layers. Roots helps in better intake of nutrients and water. Plants are able to stand protracted drought conditions, and needed less than a third of the irrigation in regular times.

Cost:

The cost of production of a litre of Panchakavya is around Rs. 35.

Other Applications:
Panchakavya is also used for 3 other purposes given below:

  Animal feeds. Panchakavya has several beneficial effects on animals and fish as well.
  Earthworms grew faster and produces more vermi-compost when treated with this solution.
  It has been used in Indian medicine since time immemorial.

Cows/Sheep/Goats:

When fed to cows at 200 ml per day, they turned healthier and produced milk with high fat content. Their rate of conception increased, and the various common ailments were completely cured. Similar effects were found in sheep and goats.

Birds:

When mixed with the poultry feed or drinking water at the rate of 5 ml per bird per day, the birds became disease-free and healthy. They laid larger eggs for longer periods. In the broilers, the weight gain was impressive and the feed to weight conversion ratio improved.

Fish:

In the fishponds, the addition of Panchakavya increased the growth of phyto and zoo plankton, which contributed to improved fish feed availability and thus increased fish growth.